Of the original series of Irish coins, produced in 1928, this coin is the only to feature an inanimate object - the hen clutches an arrowhead in its left claw.

The design was by the English artist Percy Metcalf. The coin diameter was 1.215 inches (30.9 mm) and the weight was 9.44984 grams. The coin was introduced in 1928 and ceased to be legal tender on December 31, 1971.

• Coinage (Calling In) Order, 1971

The obverse of the coin depicts the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell as a laureated Roman emperor, with the inscription OLIVAR D G R P ANG SCO HIB &c PRO — Oliver, by the Grace of God, Protector of the Republic of England, Scotland, Ireland, etc., — while the reverse shows a crowned shield depicting the arms of the Commonwealth with the inscription PAX QVAERITVR BELLO 1656 — Peace is sought through war.

The current value of the coin in “very fine” to “extra fine” condition is £3500 to £6000, although a Mr Pinkerton writing at the time that the coins circulated noted that many of the coins in circulation were so worn as to be almost flat.

The obverse shows a left-facing bust of the queen, with a rose behind her, with the legend E D G ROSA SINE SPINA — Elizabeth by the grace of God a rose without a thorn — while the reverse shows the royal arms with the date above the arms and a mintmark at the beginning of the legend CIVITAS LONDON — City of London, the Tower Mint.

The three-farthings coin closely resembles the three-halfpence coin, differing only in the diameter, which is 14 millimetres in an unclipped coin, compared to 16mm for the three-halfpence.

All the coins are hammered coinage, except for the extremely rare milled coinage of 1563, of which only three examples are known to exist.

The obverse of the coin depicts the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell as a laureated Roman emperor, with the inscription OLIVAR D G R P ANG SCO HIB &c PRO — Oliver, by the Grace of God, Protector of the Republic of England, Scotland, Ireland, etc., — while the reverse shows a crowned shield depicting the arms of the Commonwealth with the inscription PAX QVAERITVR BELLO 1656 — Peace is sought through war.

The current value of the coin in “very fine” to “extra fine” condition is £3500 to £6000, although a Mr Pinkerton writing at the time that the coins circulated noted that many of the coins in circulation were so worn as to be almost flat.

A paisa (pl. paise) is a monetary unit currently equivalent to of a rupee or Bangladeshi taka and is used in several countries, including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Variant spellings include poisha (especially in Bangladesh), and pice, (during British rule).

Until the 1950s in India and Pakistan (and before 1947 in British India), the paisa was equivalent to 3 pies, ¼ of an anna, or of a rupee. After the transition from a non-decimal currency to a decimal currency, the paisa was known as a naya paisa (”new paisa”) for a few years.

The design, by Nathan Karp, first appeared on the 100 (old) shkalim coin issued by the Bank of Israel on May 2, 1984 [2]. When the shekel currency was replaced by the new shekel (September 1985) the design was copied to the new 10 agorot coin, which was equal in value to the old 100 shkalim coin. This design was also adopted as the symbol of the Bank of Israel.

After decimalisation of Dutch currency, the name “stuiver” was preserved as a nickname for the five-cent coin until the introduction of the euro; to this day, the name is still often used to refer to the five euro cent coin, which has almost exactly the same size and shape.

The English denomination name stiver is derived from stuiver.

The coin has a yellow-brass colour due to its composition which is 79% copper, 20% zinc and 1% nickel, it was determined that this composition would reduce production costs by 25% as against cupro-nickel then used. The edge of the coin has six bands, alternately finished smooth and grained. The mass of the coin is 8.47 grams, whilst the diameter is 2.71 centimetres. The coin was provided to relieve the expense of creating the lower value coins and also to assist the public and traders alike by creating higher value coin which could assist in the removal of some five and ten pence coins. In 1982 the then Minister for Finance, Ray MacSharry, announced that a twenty or twenty-five pence coin might be designed, in August 1984 the twenty pence was decided, the Arts Council recommended the horse design.

The coin was worth 1/5 of the Irish pound and was withdrawn in 2002 with the advent of the euro.

• Coinage (Dimension and Design) Regulations, 1986
• New Coinage (Twenty Pence) Order, 1986

The design, by Nathan Karp, first appeared on the 100 (old) shkalim coin issued by the Bank of Israel on May 2, 1984 [2]. When the shekel currency was replaced by the new shekel (September 1985) the design was copied to the new 10 agorot coin, which was equal in value to the old 100 shkalim coin. This design was also adopted as the symbol of the Bank of Israel.

The Irish pound coin, which was introduced in 1990, remains the largest Irish coin introduced since decimalisation at 3.11 centimetres diameter. Its mass was 10 grams. The coin was almost identical in dimensions to the old penny coin that circulated before 1971, and was quite similar in diameter to, but thinner than, the half-crown coin. The edge was milled, and a dotted line runs along the edge of each face.

During the early circulation of the coin, many payphone and vending machines which had been changed to accept the pound coin also accepted the old penny instead, the latter coin no longer legal tender and of little value to collectors. As a result, losses accrued to vending machine operators due to the substitution of the penny coin, and further costs were associated with updating the machines so they would no longer accept the pennies improperly. Further, coins dated 1999 (produced by the Royal Mint not the Central Bank of Ireland) were refused by many vending machines (including but not limited to parking meters in Dublin), although they conformed to standard.

Reference

• Decimal Currency Act, 1990
• Coinage (Dimension and Design) (One Pound Coin) Regulations, 1990

In the May 26 2003 edition of Coin World, the hobby newspaper had announced that they had conducted an investigation of PCGS, NGC and ANACS, three of the leading grading services along with several other grading services. In this investigation, several coins were sent to each grading service. In no case did the grading services agree on the grade of any given coin, and in some cases the difference in grading was seven points off (it is standard in U.S. numismatics to grade coins on a point-scale from 1 (poor) to 70 (perfect)). In one case ACCGS had graded a coin as “cleaned” and several grades lower than PCGS which PCGS had not noted was “cleaned”. However PCGS has a policy for reimbursing customers if they had wrongly attributed, wrongly authenticated, or significantly overgraded a coin.

In 1990 the FTC(Federal Trade Commission), which oversees business ethics and fraud, filed a civil action against PCGS alleging exaggerated advertising claims. PCGS did not admit wrongdoing, but agreed to submit its advertising for review for a period of five years. In a filing in Federal district court in Washington, the company agreed to include a statement in its newspaper and television advertising affirming that certification by P.C.G.S. does not guarantee protection.

may refer to:

• Commemorative coin

• United States Commemorative Coin

• Commemorative issue - a special edition of a book, magazine, or other item released around, or in memory of, a special event or occurrence.
• Commemorative stamp
• Commemorative plaque